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Waste Management & Research
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Article

Studying municipal solid waste generation and composition in the urban areas of Bhutan

Sherub Phuntsho1, Sunil Herat2*, Hokyong Shon3, Ichharam Dulal4, Dechen Yangden4, Ugyen Tenzin4, and Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran3

1 The Department of Urban Development & Engineering Services, Ministry of Works & Human Settlements
2 Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University
3 Department of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney
4 The Department of Urban Development & Engineering Services, Ministry of Works &

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: s.herat{at}griffith.edu.au.


  Abstract

Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste sampling at source. The MSW generation rates in the urban centres were 0.53 kg capita–1 day–1, which consists predominantly of organic waste materials of up to 58% indicating a great opportunity for composting. Domestic waste from the households contributed the maximum (47%) component of the total MSW generated from the urban centres followed by wastes from the commercial establishments. Attempt to study the correlation between household monthly income and the waste per capita generation rates did not yield any conclusive result.

First published on October 16, 2009
Waste Management & Research 2009, doi:10.1177/0734242X09343118
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