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Quality and Quantity of Sanitary Landfill Leachate

Institut für Stadtbauwesen, TU Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, 3300 Braunschweig, West Germany

This paper presents the results of leachate quantity and quality measurement at 20 landfills in the northern part of West Germany over an average period of 3 years. The leachate flow rate could only be estimated as a percentage of annual precipitation (measured precipitation 501-1057 mm year^-1). The values for compaction with crawler tractors are 25-50% and with steel wheel compactors, 15-25%. The organic contents of leachate are dependent upon the kind of decomposition conditions (aerobic, anaerobic acetic production or anaerobic methane production). With anaerobic acetic production the volatile fatty acids produced in leachate have a high COD and BOD₅. In the following methane production phase these acids are converted to CO₂ and CH4 with low organic leachate contents. The concentrations of some inorganic components, such as Fe and Ca, are parallel as a result of changes in pH. Ammonia shows a slow increase with landfill age. In most cases the contents of heavy metals are lower than 1 mg 1^-1.

Key Words: Municipal solid waste • sanitary landfill • leachate • pollution potential • biological decomposition • flow rate • organic and inorganic contents • heavy metals.

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