This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Marklund, S. Articles by Hagenmaier, H. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Marklund, S. Articles by Hagenmaier, H. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Parallel Sampling for Dioxins Using Various Sampling Techniques At a Swedish Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

Institute of Environmental Chemistry, University of UmeÅ, S-901 87. UmeÅ, Sweden

Gunilla Söderstrom

Institute of Environmental Chemistry, University of UmeÅ, S-901 87. UmeÅ, Sweden

Karin Ljung

Institute of Environmental Chemistry, University of UmeÅ, S-901 87. UmeÅ, Sweden

Christoffer Rappe

Institute of Environmental Chemistry, University of UmeÅ, S-901 87. UmeÅ, Sweden

Michael Kraft

Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, D-7400 Tübingen, Germany

Hanspaul Hagenmaier

Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, D-7400 Tübingen, Germany

Parallel sampling was carried out in a Swedish municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator, on two consecutive days, with five different sampling techniques. The samples were analysed for chlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and chlorodibenzofurans (PCDFS) at two laboratories, one in Sweden and the other in Germany. Two different spiking protocols were used, both including pre-sampling or clean-up spikes from each homolog group of the tetra to octa CDDs and CDFs. Comparable results were obtained for all five sampling methods for the emission data and the recoveries for all pre-sampling spikes were above 50%. The agreement between the two laboratories was good. The different sampling methods resulted in very similar congener distributions (congener profiles) or isomer distributions (isomer patterns). However, the sampling techniques differ considerably in the distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs in various sampling compartments, The sampling techniques where large contribution of PCDDs and PCDFs could be found in the wash solvent may suffer from losses and/or cross-contamination problems unless the washing is carried out properly. The use of a cooled probe in combination with an adsorption (polyurethane foam plug) or absorption (ethoxyethanol) trap, where the main portion of the PCDDs and PCDFs were found in the condensate, is considered as a convenient and efficient sampling technique.

Key Words: Dioxin • PCDD • PCDF • incineration • MSW • municipal solid waste • stack gas • sampling

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. Johnke and E. Stelzner Results of the German Dioxin Measurement Programme At MSW Incinerators Waste Management Research, January 1, 1992; 10(4): 345 - 355. [Abstract] [PDF]