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Dioxin Emissions: Techniques for Maintaining the Limit of 0.1 ng Te m-3 (as of 1990/91)

Müllheizkraftwerk Bamberg, Rheinstr, 6, D-8600 Bamberg, Germany

Processes which will achieve up to 100-fold reduction of exhaust gas emissions of dioxin as proposed for the new German Standards are reviewed. A combination of processes which remove fly ash, NO_x, SO_x, HCl and other pollutants will also remove dioxins. Reduction of chlorinated compounds fed to the incinerator is not likely to make any significant difference. Good turbulence with elimination of cold spots in the firebox will ensure initial thermal destruction. Dioxins are synthesized on fly ash particles at temperatures between 200 and 400° C. Rapid temperature reduction across this range by water injection will greatly reduce dioxin levels. Catalytic inhibitors can also be used. Since dioxin is adsorbed on fly ash, efficient scrubbing is essential for high removal efficiency. Sorption on active carbon beds is also being evaluated.

Key Words: Dioxin • incineration • energy from waste • fly ash removal • acid gas removal • catalytic inhibitors of dioxin formation • Germany

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