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Methane Potential of Food Waste and Anaerobic Toxicity of Leachate Produced During Food Waste Decomposition

Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, U. S A.

William S. Odle, III

Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, U. S A.

William E. Eleazer

Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, U. S A.

Morton A. Bariaz

Department of Civil Engineering, Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, U. S A

The objective of this study was to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation of food waste, including its methane potential and the anaerobic toxicity of leachate associated with food waste decomposition. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in 2.2- litre reactors and were seeded with well-decomposed refuse. Despite pH neut ralization, reactors seeded with 30% old refuse failed to undergo methanogenesis. Food waste in a second set of reactors, containing 70% seed, produced 300.7 ml CH₄ dry g^-1. Leachate toxicity was evaluated by a modified anaerobic toxicity assay (ATA). The results of ATAs were typically consistent with the methane production behavior of the reactors. However, the toxicity observed in the ATA test could not be simulated with synthetic leachate containing high concentrations of carboxylic acids and sodium. Tests with 20, 5, 15 and 12 g 1 ' of acetate, propionate, butyrate and sodium, respectively, suggested that high concentrations of butyric acid and sodium inhibited the onset of methane production but that refuse micro-organisms could acchmatize to these concentrations within 5-10 days. The refuse ecosystem was shown to tolerate higher concentrations of undissociated carboxylic acids than previously reported for anaerobic digesters. © 1997 ISWA

Key Words: Municipal solid waste • refuse • methane • landfills • anaerobic digestion • toxicity.

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