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Stabilization/solidification of ashes in clays used in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks

Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

Juan C. Moreno-Piraján

Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, jumoreno{at}uniandes.edu.co

Liliana Giraldo-Gutierrez

Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia

Karim Sapag

Departamento de Física, Laboratorio de Ciencias de Superficies y Medios Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina

This paper presents the results of the lixiviation of metals from different mixtures of fly and bottom ashes that have been stabilized and solidified in clays used in the manufacture of bricks. The ashes used for this study were obtained from a Hoffmann-type brick furnace adapted for the incineration of municipal solid waste during the manufacturing of ceramic bricks. The ashes were stabilized in clay in different proportions of clay : ash mix (99 : 1, 95 : 5, 90 : 10, 80 : 20 and 60 : 40). Such mixes were used to manufacture bricks that were calcined at a temperature ranging from 50 to 1100°C. The clay, ashes and manufactured bricks were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fluorescent X-ray, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. In addition, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure lixiviation tests were performed according to the EPA 1311 method for the determination of heavy metals. The results showed an affinity between clay and ash, and also that the bricks manufactured with these mixtures present low lixiviation levels. The tests also showed the highest decrease in the concentration of arsenic, nickel, chromium, zinc and silver for 99 : 1 mixtures. The 95 : 5 mixture was found to be the most favourable for the stabilization (greater concentration decrease) of lead and cadmium. Selenium was the metal with the lowest concentration change whereas arsenic, nickel, chromium, zinc and cadmium showed the greatest concentration change in all mixtures, with the exception of cadmium in the mixture 99 : 1.

Key Words: Stabilization • lixiviation • clay • ashes • waste incineration • wmr 1055—5

Waste Management & Research, Vol. 25, No. 4, 352-362 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X07077820


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