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Waste Management & Research
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Formation of Chlorinated Organics During Solid Waste Combustion

Brian K. Gullett

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

Kevin R. Bruce

Laura O. Beach

Acurex Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

The formation mechanisms of the precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were examined in a laboratory reactor. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were studied between 200 and 800°C with HCl, Cl2, and phenol as reactants in a simulated flue gas containing oxygen. Analysis of the reactor effluent showed that homogeneous phase production of chlorophenols and non-chlorinated dioxin and dibenzopdioxin and dibenzofuran, benzofuran potential precursors to PCDD and PCDF, was related to HCl concentration, reaching a maximum formation level around 650°C. However, Cl2 produced a greater variety of chlorinated aromatics at levels over three orders of magnitude greater than with HCl, with product concentrations reaching maximum formation levels around 350°C. Heterogeneous tests at 450°C using a CuCl catalyst increased formation of chlorinated organics and PCDDs and identified the major chlorinating reactant to be Cl2.

Key Words: Chlorinated organics • dioxins • furans • mechanisms • chlorine • hydrochloric acid • combustion • municipal waste • copper chloride • Deacon process.

Waste Management & Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, 203-214 (1990)
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X9000800137
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