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Waste Management & Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, 239-259 (1988)
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X8800600141

Composting Management: a New Process Control Through O2 Feedback

Marco de Bertoldi

Institute of Food Science, Section of Industrial Microbiology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

Anna Rutili

Barbara Citterio

Marcello Civilini

A new strategy for composting has been developed, based on O2 feedback control. Experiments were carried out on composting the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste in a closed bioreactor, aerated by pressure ventilation. Ventilation was controlled in order to maintain the O2 level in the internal atmosphere of the composting mass between 15 and 20%. The new strategy seems to give satisfactory results in terms of process control, quality of end-product, low energy consumption, and hygienization of compost. These results were supported by analyses of: (1) the variation of the main microbial groups during composting; (2) the balance of material; (3) the gas present in the internal atmosphere (O2, NH3, CO2, H 2S); (4) phytotoxicity; and (5) pathogenic and indicator micro-organisms. The importance of carrying out these analyses to guarantee the quality of the end-product and to control the process is discussed. Finally, the new system for controlling composting is compared with the existing strategies (Beltsville and Rutgers systems).

Key Words: Composting • process control • O2 feedback • mass balance • micro-organisms • phytotoxicity • hygienization • energy consumption.


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